03.02 · Visa types

14 visa types.
One is
the right one.

The visa follows the purpose - not the other way around. Which visa applies to you depends on what you plan to do in Germany. Anyone who decides on the visa before the purpose is clear is applying for the wrong one – and starts the process all over again.

14Types of visas
75 €Standard fee
4-16WWaiting message
Home page level · Visa types

A purpose.
A visa route.

The overview helps you choose the right logic from many types of visas before you collect documents.

01 Clarity

Determine the purpose of your stay

Studies, work, training, family and self-employment have their own evidence.

02 Risk

Wrong category

An application made in the wrong way quickly appears contradictory.

03 Next step

Select detail page

First visa type, then documents, appointment and application.

Check visa type

As on the homepage: first clarify the direction, then decide on the details.

Work & skilled workers
4 types of visa
work § 18 Residence Act

Work visa

For skilled workers with recognized foreign qualifications who have a specific job offer from a German employer.

Job offer a German employer

Recognized professional qualification or college degree

Not a legal one Minimum salary (except for Blue Card)

Work visa details →
Work · Highly qualified § 18g Residence Act

EU Blue Card

For university graduates with a job offer and minimum salary. Faster route to a settlement permit than the standard work visa.

Recognized university degree (at least 3 years)

Minimum salary 2025: €45,300 gross/year

For shortage occupations: 41.042 € gross/year

Details about the Blue Card →
Work · Job search § 20 Residence Act

Job search visa

For qualified specialists who do not yet have a job offer. Allowed to stay for 6 months to look for a job in Germany.

Recognized university degree or vocational training

Proof of living expenses for 6 months

Valid for 6 months, not extendable

Job search visa details →
Work · Points system § 20a Residence Act

Opportunity card

New points system (since 2024): qualifications, language skills, professional experience and connection to Germany are assessed. Allows job search and trial work.

Min. 6 points in the points system

Recognized qualification or college degree

Trial work up to 2 weeks allowed

Details about the opportunity card →
Education & Training
3 types of visa
Education § 16b Residence Act

Study visa

For international students who have been admitted to a German university. Requires admission letter, blocked account and proof of language skills.

Admission letter the university

Blocked account: at least €934/month

Language certificate (DSH, TestDaF or English)

Details about the study visa →
Education · Training § 16a Residence Act

Training visa

For international applicants with a signed training contract with a German company. Requires the contract – not the other way around.

Signed training contract

School graduation recognized or assessed (ZAB)

German level B1–B2 (depending on company)

Details about the training visa →
Education · Internship § 16e Residence Act

Internship visa

For internships of up to 6 months in Germany. Requires an internship agreement with a German company.

Internship contract with German company

Max. 6 months Duration of stay

Proof of Cost of living

Details about the internship visa →
Family & language
3 types of visa
family §§ 27-36 Residence Act

Family reunification

For spouses, children and, in certain cases, parents of people who already have a secure residence status in Germany.

caregiver has secure residence

Spouses: at least A1 German language skills

Sufficient living space and livelihood

Details about family reunification →
language § 16f Residence Act

Language course visa

For language courses without the intention of studying. Allows stay of up to 12 months to learn German - if no other visa fits.

Course confirmation from a recognized language course provider

Proof of living expenses

Max. 12 months, no employment

Details about the language course visa →
Family · Au Pair § 16f Residence Act

Au pair visa

For young adults between the ages of 18 and 26 who live as an au pair in a German host family and learn German at the same time.

Age: 18-26 years

Au pair contract with host family

Basic knowledge German (A1) recommended

Details about the au pair visa →
Self-employed & Research
4 types of visa
Self-employed § 21 Residence Act

Self-employed visa

For entrepreneurs who want to start a company or hold a stake in Germany. Economic interest must be proven.

Viable business plan

Sufficient equity or proof of financing

Economic interest verifiable for Germany

Details about the self-employed visa →
Self-employed · Freelance Section 21 Paragraph 5 Residence Act

Freelance visa

For freelancers such as doctors, lawyers, journalists, artists and translators. Separate regulation compared to the classic self-employed visa.

Freelance profession according to German law

Evidence of clients or contracts

Recognition of professional qualifications where necessary

Freelance visa details →
Research & Science § 18d Residence Act

Researcher visa

For scientists and researchers who work at a German research institution. Faster and simpler route than the standard work visa.

Admission agreement with research facility

Doctoral title or equivalent qualification

Simplified procedure – no separate access to the labor market is necessary

Details about the researcher visa →
Other · New 2024 § 20b Residence Act

Work without recognition

For skilled workers whose foreign qualifications are not yet recognized. Allows employment under certain conditions while the recognition process is ongoing.

Job offer in a qualification-related area

Ongoing recognition process

Salary at least Collective wage level

More about employment without recognition →
Important

The wrong visa cannot be changed on site. Anyone who enters the country and finds that the purpose does not match the visa must leave the country and reapply.

Next step

You know which visa. What's next?

Every visa follows the same basic process – with different documentation. Anyone who knows the process can plan the embassy appointment correctly.

01
Preparation

Compile documents

The checklist depends on the visa type. Missing or incorrect documents will result in rejection or a new appointment.

02
Application & appointment

Book an embassy appointment

In countries with long waiting times: Book an appointment before all documents are ready. Not the other way around.

03
Interview

Prepare embassy conversation

What is being checked, what questions come up and What happens if the documents are incomplete at the appointment.

You now know all types of visas.
Let us clarify which one applies to your situation.

assess the situation

Free · No obligation · 30-45 minutes

Decision support

What you on this site
should decide specifically.

People who want to know which national visa suits their own situation.

01

Next sensible step

Clarify purpose, evidence and responsible foreign mission before detailed pages.

Check visa type
Editorial & sources

Checked by Lalmano.

This page is maintained by the Lalmano editorial team. As of: May 10, 2026. Content is for guidance and does not replace individual legal advice.

Editorial transparency

As of: May 2026. Lalmano checks content editorially and is based on official information, including from Foreign Office, BAMF and Make it in Germany. The content does not replace individual legal advice.